2016.06.21 Update: Here's our response
Reviews of our latest PeerJ submission is in after only 15 days. This must be some kind of record!
Personal comments from the editor:
Table 4 shows dramatic differences between PM6-D3H+ and PM6 although the previous tables did not show very large differences between both semiempirical methods. Please discuss this.
How do the errors in PM6 or PM6-D3H+ gas-phase protonation energies (vs. experiment or high level computation) change when moving from primary to secondary and tertiary amines? I believe that the addition of a table with these data (with each tested amine treated separately) would be very helpful for the readers and future practitioners.
Reviewer 1 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
This is an interesting manuscript, but a frustrating aspect is that the experimental pKa values used for comparison are not included for most compounds. These could easily be added to Table 1. In fact, the best solution would be to modify Table 2 to give the calculated pKa values from the various methods along with the experimental values. Also, the authors should refer somewhere to the very relevant PM6 pKa calculations by Jimmy Stewart given in http://openmopac.net/pKa_table.html.
Experimental design
In general this work is properly designed.
Validity of the findings
It would be very helpful if the authors would provide a figure comparing the calculated and experimental values, and include in the text the relevant equation with proper statistics (n, r2, s, F) along with the uncertainties for the slope & intercept. (See, e.g., the book by Shields & Seybold on this topic, or their WIRES article.)
Comments for the Author
After improvements, this manuscript will be of interest to many people attempting to calculate pKas, especially those dealing with high throughput applications.
Reviewer 2 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
The paper is well-written and organised in a manner that was easy to read. I did find the background / literature research on the short side. Specifically, the isodesmic or proton exchange scheme was developed quite some time ago by various groups . See for example: (a) http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337862 (b) 10.1021/ct800335v and (c) 10.1021/jp107890p. These studies have laid out quite clearly the effectiveness of an isodesmic scheme for error cancellation, as well as its limitations (e.g. the need for a structurally similar reference with accurately known pKas). Another minor point is there should be a footnote to explain what "**" in Table 2 means.
Experimental design
The research question is well-defined, namely whether contemporary semi-empirical methods can provide cost-effective predictions of pKas. I do have a number of suggestions for improvement:
(1) Computational methods: It was not clear how the solvation free energies were computed - e.g. were these done on gas phase or solution phase optimised geometries? Strictly speaking, the gas and solution phase components of the solvation free energy should be computed on geometries optimised in the respective phases. How sensitive are the results to this choice?
(2) There is a lot of data condensed into the Tables which could actually be used to provide even deeper insights. For example, I would love to see a breakdown of the solution phase energies into the gas phase and solvation contributions as laid out in eqn (6). This would be useful for identifying the sources of errors especially for the outliers.
(3) The dataset molecules in Table 1 are structurally very similar (the substituents are mostly aliphatic groups). It would be interesting to see a more diverse selection of molecules (e.g. EWG and EDG) as the authors alluded to in their conclusion.
Validity of the findings
I think the conclusions are fair based on the results presented. However, I do recommend the authors consider my earlier suggestions to provide clearer insights as to why semi-empirical methods can sometimes fail badly even for isodesmic reactions. This will spur further research into improving these methods.
Reviewer 3 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
- Line 132: change "can play and important role" to "can play an important role"
- Citations need to conform to the journal style thoughout: see, e.g., "taken from (Morgenthaler et al., 2007)" in Table 4 caption should be changed to "taken from Morgenthaler et al. (2007)"
- References in the bibliography need to be consistently formatted to journal guidelines
- Other groups have reported validation efforts for predicting pKa values using the PM6 method (see, e.g., Rayne et al. [2009], Juranić [2014], etc.). The authors should cite and incorporate the findings of all these prior PM6 pKa validation efforts into the current study to demonstrate an understanding of the prior literature in this field. Otherwise, it looks as though the authors are attempting to make their research appear more novel than it actually is.
Experimental design
- Experimental design is appropriate.
Validity of the findings
- The findings appear valid.
Reviews of our latest PeerJ submission is in after only 15 days. This must be some kind of record!
Personal comments from the editor:
Table 4 shows dramatic differences between PM6-D3H+ and PM6 although the previous tables did not show very large differences between both semiempirical methods. Please discuss this.
How do the errors in PM6 or PM6-D3H+ gas-phase protonation energies (vs. experiment or high level computation) change when moving from primary to secondary and tertiary amines? I believe that the addition of a table with these data (with each tested amine treated separately) would be very helpful for the readers and future practitioners.
Reviewer 1 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
This is an interesting manuscript, but a frustrating aspect is that the experimental pKa values used for comparison are not included for most compounds. These could easily be added to Table 1. In fact, the best solution would be to modify Table 2 to give the calculated pKa values from the various methods along with the experimental values. Also, the authors should refer somewhere to the very relevant PM6 pKa calculations by Jimmy Stewart given in http://openmopac.net/pKa_table.html.
Experimental design
In general this work is properly designed.
Validity of the findings
It would be very helpful if the authors would provide a figure comparing the calculated and experimental values, and include in the text the relevant equation with proper statistics (n, r2, s, F) along with the uncertainties for the slope & intercept. (See, e.g., the book by Shields & Seybold on this topic, or their WIRES article.)
Comments for the Author
After improvements, this manuscript will be of interest to many people attempting to calculate pKas, especially those dealing with high throughput applications.
Reviewer 2 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
The paper is well-written and organised in a manner that was easy to read. I did find the background / literature research on the short side. Specifically, the isodesmic or proton exchange scheme was developed quite some time ago by various groups . See for example: (a) http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337862 (b) 10.1021/ct800335v and (c) 10.1021/jp107890p. These studies have laid out quite clearly the effectiveness of an isodesmic scheme for error cancellation, as well as its limitations (e.g. the need for a structurally similar reference with accurately known pKas). Another minor point is there should be a footnote to explain what "**" in Table 2 means.
Experimental design
The research question is well-defined, namely whether contemporary semi-empirical methods can provide cost-effective predictions of pKas. I do have a number of suggestions for improvement:
(1) Computational methods: It was not clear how the solvation free energies were computed - e.g. were these done on gas phase or solution phase optimised geometries? Strictly speaking, the gas and solution phase components of the solvation free energy should be computed on geometries optimised in the respective phases. How sensitive are the results to this choice?
(2) There is a lot of data condensed into the Tables which could actually be used to provide even deeper insights. For example, I would love to see a breakdown of the solution phase energies into the gas phase and solvation contributions as laid out in eqn (6). This would be useful for identifying the sources of errors especially for the outliers.
(3) The dataset molecules in Table 1 are structurally very similar (the substituents are mostly aliphatic groups). It would be interesting to see a more diverse selection of molecules (e.g. EWG and EDG) as the authors alluded to in their conclusion.
Validity of the findings
I think the conclusions are fair based on the results presented. However, I do recommend the authors consider my earlier suggestions to provide clearer insights as to why semi-empirical methods can sometimes fail badly even for isodesmic reactions. This will spur further research into improving these methods.
Reviewer 3 (Anonymous)
Basic reporting
- Line 132: change "can play and important role" to "can play an important role"
- Citations need to conform to the journal style thoughout: see, e.g., "taken from (Morgenthaler et al., 2007)" in Table 4 caption should be changed to "taken from Morgenthaler et al. (2007)"
- References in the bibliography need to be consistently formatted to journal guidelines
- Other groups have reported validation efforts for predicting pKa values using the PM6 method (see, e.g., Rayne et al. [2009], Juranić [2014], etc.). The authors should cite and incorporate the findings of all these prior PM6 pKa validation efforts into the current study to demonstrate an understanding of the prior literature in this field. Otherwise, it looks as though the authors are attempting to make their research appear more novel than it actually is.
Experimental design
- Experimental design is appropriate.
Validity of the findings
- The findings appear valid.
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